I have been writing code in Js for the last 3 months and every time Js surprises me because of unexpected bugs that I am getting in my program. So, today I decided to learn the inner working of js, and the first topic I came across is the execution context in js. so without wasting time let's learn about execution context and what it means in js.

one way to write a program is to break our code into separate pieces and we called those pieces functions, modules, packages. but these pieces are used to break our code and to manage the complexity of code right.

so in terms of the js engine (whose job is to interpret js code) do we can separate our code into pieces to manage the complexity of interpreting code, just like we did in order to write code?

the answer is yes, we can and these pieces are called "Execution Context".

so just like function or modules or packages allow us to manage the complexity of writing code, execution context allows js engine to manage the complexity of interpreting and running your code.

so now we know the role of execution context in js.

Now lets see an eg:

var a = 10;

function foo() {
  console.log("function foo is called!")
}

foo();
console.log(a);

when we execute this code, we see the output as expected

function foo is called!
10

but what will happen if we move the last 2 lines of code in the beginning like this?

foo();
console.log(a);

var a = 10;

function foo() {
  console.log("function foo is called!")
}

we get the following output when we run this -

function foo is called!
undefined

Ideally we would expect the JS to raise an exception because the function foo is called before it is declared and the variable a is referenced before it is declared. In fact this is how most of the programming language works.

But in this case, the function foo is properly executed even though we called it before its declaration and the variable a is set to undefined. That means the JS has access to the function foo and the var a which is stored somewhere. In order to understand this, we need to understand the execution context phases in JS.

Let’s understand how JS is working under the hood -

Execution context consists of two phases - Creation Phase and the Execution Phase.

#Creation Phase

During the creation phase of the execution context, JS allocates memory space for the functions and variables. In case of functions, the whole function body is stored but in case of the variables, it is declared and assigned a default value undefined. This phenomena is called Hoisting.

An important thing to understand is, the value of a is set to undefined during this phase because the JS found a var a defined somewhere in our code above. If we remove the line var a = 10 then it will result in an error Uncaught ReferenceError: a is not defined.

So in the above when JS ran console.log(a), the var a is not assigned any value at that point so it picked up the value from the memory space which is set to undefined during the creation phase and printed that value.

Note: It is recommended not to rely on hoisting, that means it is a good practice to declare and define the variables and the functions before they are referred.

#Execution Phase

In this phase, JS executes our code line by line and assigns the value to the variables. In our example above, the value 10 to the variable a is set.

To summarize this, lets take a look at the code below -

function foo() {
  console.log("function foo is called!")
}
foo()
console.log(a);
var a = 10;
console.log(a)

since we now understand the phases in the execution context, we can confidently say by looking at the code above that the output of the code is -

function foo is called!
undefined
10

function foo is called and it prints the function foo is called!.
On the next line as we know that during the creation phase, JS assigned a default value to the var a to undefined so it printed undefined and
The last line prints 10 because during the execution phase, JS assigned the value 10 to the var a.

As I am a kid, many people asked different variations of the same question: “What has been your best experience?” And even at that age, there are many joyful moments to consider-birthday parties, school trips, and bicycle-riding lessons by papa. But often, it is not until your adult life that you go through many of your most valuable events. Some, for instance, may find their time in the gym to be of most importance to them. Personally though, I consider my time in graphic era as my most valuable experience.

Firstly In addition to learning practical skills, being in graphic era has taught me a lot about public speaking. For example, me and my friend organize a game in carnival festival at graphic era, that I had no knowledge of beforehand. From this experience, I have learned many interesting things about the people and how to deal with public. Dealing with many different people give me more confidence, and this confidence, has been valuable to me because it has cleared up some misconceptions I had, thus allowing me to be more confident on the public speaking. This has made my time in college much more enriching and worthwhile.

My experience in college has given me a chance to sharpen my skills in my field of choice. There have been, and there will continue to be, many opportunities to learn more ways of improving my craft because of my time in college, which I am truly thankful for. For example, the faculty at my college has taught me many coding tips and rules that I was unaware even existed and would still be unaware of had it not been a part of my experience. Because of this, I realized I still had a lot to learn despite what I thought; but this allows me to improve my skills more as I continue to attend college and gives me more confidence in my area. And as a result, I know one day this valuable experience will help me in my search for another one-a rewarding career. My experience in college (graphic era hill university), particularly the English program (General elective subject), has also allowed me to gain more knowledge about a variety of literary authors and types of literature.

But the best experience of my 2 years at Graphic Era Hill University are my friends. During my first semester I found most of them and some of them I met through mutual friends. I have a many funny moments with them like late to class and beg for attendance, sleepy lectures, chai during break time, selfie, assignment, 3 hours lab, last minute exam preparation, SGPA CGPA, secret love <lol> etc…

In summary, my time in college has enriched my life in many ways. Graphic era provided me with the necessary tools to enhance my skills more, taught me valuable knowledge about this diverse world and people and concepts in general and eventually will enable me to hopefully become more successful in life when I finally graduate and get my degree. These experiences are truly irreplaceable, and I would not trade them for anything. If someone ask me, “What has been your best experience?” the answer is “the backbench memories are my best experience”.

Kali Linux 2.0 is here, which most of us love already. Also, we love Google Chrome, but these two ( Kali Linux 2.0 and Google chrome ) does not work well ( except when you do it right ). Today I will show you how to properly install google chrome on Kali Linux.

Step 1: Get the deb file
You need to download the Chrome .deb file to install on your Kali Machine. Go HERE and download the .deb ( Make sure you download the correct one – 32bit or 64bit )
Step 2: Installing the deb using dpkg
Let’s install the .deb file. For that, open up a terminal and “cd” to the directory where you have downloaded the deb file. Remember to use “sudo” if you’re not root. As a side not, you can install any .deb file on Kali or any Debian based distro using the following command.

cd ~/Downloads
dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

It will probably show you an error saying there is some dependency issue or some stuff like that. I don’t actually remember the error.
But, install the following package and you should be good to go

apt-get install libappindicator1

# Once the above packages has been installed, issue the following command
# so that all the dependencies will get installed properly

apt-get -f install

The package manager will start to install all the dependencies and once that is finished, you could see that the package manager is setting up google chrome. And Google chrome should be installed in a few seconds.
Step 3: Now comes the issue, you cannot run Chrome, yet
This is where things get ugly. If you try to open up google chrome, it won’t open. Nothing would happen. Actually, you won’t see any error messages. It just won’t open. And there is a reason why it won’t open, that’s because you’re trying to run it as “root”.
Default user in Kali is “root” and it was done for a reason, Kali is not intended to use as a daily OS. But that does not mean that you can’t use it as a daily OS. In fact, Kali 2.0 is my main OS and it runs without any issues.
If you want to use Chrome, you have two options:
In fact there are several methods by which you can use Google chrome. Most of them involve enabling chrome to be run as root. This is not the right way to handle things. There is a reason why chrome refuses to run as root. That’s because, if you run the browser as root, then someone exploiting your browser could get root privileges. But, anyway, let’s cut to the chase.
Option 1. Create a normal user with sudo privileges to use daily, and use “sudo su -” to switch to root whenever you want.
This is the preferred method. This is how I use Kali. If you want to know how to set up a sudo user in Kali, please go HERE
Option 2. Create another user and switch to that user in a terminal and open up the applications like google chrome or VLC. Let me explain this for you:
This is how it’s done in the second option:

# First of all, we need to enable access to X server for all users
# Otherwise, the newly created user won't be able to run applications with GUI
# Issue the following command
xhost +
# Create a new user. Here bob is the username
adduser bob
# Now the program will ask for password etc, provide them
# Once the user is created, you can switch to the new user using the following command 
su - bob
# Now you're in bob's terminal, and you can open google chrome by typing
google-chrome 
# It should open up the chrome browser

That’s it. That way you can run chrome browser, without changing any system files. This is the same case with VLC. If you’re not able to open VLC in Kali Linux 2.0, switch to a normal user and open vlc by typing the command “vlc”.
If you do not have VLC installed, you can simply install it using the command “apt-get install vlc”. If that shows “package not found”, you might want to set up your sources.lst properly.

Kali Linux is completely a rebuild of Backtrack Linux, Backtrack named as Kali now, maintain completely to Debian development models.

Kali Linux 1.1.0 Installation

Kali Linux is totally free of cost, and mostly used for penetrating testing in any small to large scale organizations to protect their network from attackers. It contains more than 300 penetrating testing tools and supports most of the today’s hardware and devices such as Raspberry Pi, Samsung Chromebook, Galaxy Note etc..
Under 2 years of public development, on 9th Feburary 2015, Mati Aharoni has announced the first point release of Kali Linux 1.1.0, which brings mix of extraordinary hardware support as well as rock solid performance.

What’s new in Kali 1.1.0

Kali Linux 1.1.0 runs on Kernel 3.18, patched for wireless injection attacks.
Improved Wireless driver support for both kernel and firmware upgrade for Wireless devices.
Support for NVIDIA Optimus hardware.
Updated packages and instructions for virtual-box tool, vmware-tools and openvm tools.
Grub Screen and wallpapers were changed in Kali 1.1.0.
Almost 58 bug fixes are fixed in current release.

This article will walk through the basic installation procedure for the latest release of Kali Linux 1.1.0 with screenshots on Hard Disk, as well as the upgrade procedures for those users who already running older version of Kali Linux using simple apt commands.
Installing Kali Linux on your computer is pretty simple and very easy process, all you need is a compatible computer hardware. The hardware Prerequisites are very minimal as listed below.

Installation Prerequisites

Kali Linux required a minimum of 10 GB hard disk space for installation.
A minimum of 512MB Ram for i386 and amd64 architectures.
A bootable CD-DVD Drive or a USB stick.

My Environment Setup

IP Address : 192.168.0.155
Hostname : kali.tecmintlocal.com
HDD Size : 27 GB
RAM  : 4 GB

Installing Kali Linux 1.1.0

1. First go the download page of Kali Linux at below address and grab the latest version of Kali Linux ISO file for your system architecture.

https://www.kali.org/downloads/

2. After downloading, either burn the downloaded ISO image to CD/DVD drive, or prepare a USB bootable stick with Kali Linux Live as the installation medium. If you don’t know how to make an USB as bootable stick, read the article that shows how to install Linux from USB.
3. To start the installation process, boot the Kali Linux with your chosen installation medium CD/DVD or USB. You should be presented with the Kali Boot screen. Select either Graphical or Text mode installation. In this example, I’m going to choose graphical installation.

.

Kali Boot Screen

4. Choose your respective language for the installation and then your country location, this should be location were you live. You will also need to configure your keyboard language with correct keymap.

Choose Kali Linux Installation Language

Choose Location of Country

Choose Keyboard Language

5. By default it will configure the Network, if you have a DHCP server from router or from our local dedicated DHCP server. If not, you have to assign the IP and host name as follows.

Configure Network

Here I’m going to choose manual configuration, select Configure network manually and click Continue to provide the IP address with Netmask in the format of IP Address/Netmask 192.168.0.155/24.

Configure Network Manually

Set IP Address and Netmask

6. Next, provide the gateway IP address of the default router. If you don’t have a router, in this case you can leave this blank or consult your network administrator to configure it. Here I am using my gateway router IP address 192.168.0.1.

Configure Gateway Network

7. Now enter the IP address of your Name Server (DNS), if you don’t want to use any name servers, you can leave this option has blank. Here in my case, I’ve local DNS, so here I am placing my DNS Server’s IP address as my name server.

Configure Name Server

8. Next, enter the hostname for your Kali Linux installation, by default it set to Kali as hostname, but here I’ve used the same hostname as “Kali“, but you can choose whatever you want…

Set Hostname for Kali

9. Next, set the domain name if you have one or leave blank and click Continue to move forward.

Set Domain Name

10. On the next screen, you need to set a password for root user, it’s always a good practice to use mixture of letters, numbers and special characters in passwords and should be changed on regular intervals to protect your servers.

Set root Password for Kali Linux.

11. Configure the clock to match with the your chosen location, if you connected to internet this will set automatically as per your chosen location or set manually as described below.

Configure System Clock

12. Now it’s time to partition our disk for installation. Choosing LVM will be good option, If you need to extend more space in near future. Here i have selected Guided-Use enter disk and setup LVM.

Partition Disks

13. Choose the Disk from the list, here we have only one disk to choose, click continue to move forward for the installation.

Select Disk to Partition

14. For simplifying our installation and easy to setup, we can choose All files in one partition. This will be recommended for new users to Kali. For advance user’s they can choose manually for separate partition for each /home, /var, /usr, etc.

Disk Partitioning

15. Before the LVM configured, the proper partitioning scheme has to be written to disk and these changes cannot be reverted back. So, make sure to take backup, if you have any or choose YES to confirm the changes to the disk and configure LVM.

Configure LVM Partition

16. Here, you will get a overview of your current partition layout and mount points, which configured automatically from the installer. If you wish to change any settings, you can or else select Finish partition and write changes to disk and choose continue to move forward for the next step.

Summary of Disk Partition

17. Partitions are created and asking to format the disk by using below file-system types. With root and swap. Choose YES and click on Continue. This will start to copy the files from media to disk and get install Kali Linux.

Confirm Changes to Disk

Copying Installation Files

18. After copying files, you will be asked to configuring package manager. In this step, we’re going to configure the mirror network to get the packages for the future installations. If you don’t have a internet connection, you can choose NO, to depend on media repo, if you choose a network mirror to YES, it will get prepared to use the available nearby repository mirror.

Configure Package Manager

In some organizations they have there local mirror, in such case, you can enter the information of your local mirror URL here, or else just click on Continue to move forward for the further installation.

Configuring Local Mirror

19. After configuring package manager, it will download and install packages from chosen mirror, and then choose YES to install the GRUB boot loader in our system.

Configuring apt Mirror

Install Grub Boot Loader

20. After installation completes, click on Continue to finish installation, and make sure to remove the installation media, before rebooting the machine.

Kali Linux Installation Finishes

21. After rebooting machine, you will be prompted with Kali Linux boot menu, from the list choose Kali GNU/Linux without recovery mode to boot normally to system.

Select Kali Linux from Menu

22. After system booting, you will get the login screen for KALI Linux 1.1.0, use the default username as ‘root’ and password which you’ve set during the installation time at #step 10.

Kali Linux Login Screen

Kali Linux Desktop

Kali Linux Tools

That’s it we’ve successfully installed Kali Linux 1.1.0 and your system is ready to customize as per your requirements.

Updating Kali Linux from Older Version to 1.1.0

To upgrade Kali from older versions to newer 1.1.0, you can use the simple apt-get commands. We don’t have to download the ISO files and have a fresh new installation, just issue the following commands to upgrade the running system into newer version.

# sudo apt-get update
# sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Conclusion

Here we have seen how to install and upgrade Kali Linux to 1.1.0, in our next upcoming articles, we will discuss some useful tools in Kali Linux, till then stay tuned to updates and don’t forget to add your questions or comments about the Kali Linux.

Resource Links

So, you want to apply for Adsense to make some money from your blog and enjoy the life you always dream of?

Who does not anyway? That’s the dream of every blogger to get AdSense approved.
But, wait..
I’ve to tell you something.
That’s not easy. Google AdSense is very strict when it comes to approving new application. Everyone is trying to trick AdSense to get approved so they have made the process very hard.
Don’t worry. You’re not alone.
In this article, I’m going to share with you everything that you need to do before applying for Google AdSense program to actually get approve.

Some common questions that you may have about Google AdSense are…
How to apply for Google AdSense?
Does my blog qualify for AdSense or not?
Am I eligible to apply for Google AdSense?
What are Google AdSense requirements?
Why Google AdSense rejected my application?
What to do if Google AdSense reject my application?
This post is going to answer all your questions in detail. It’s over 3000+ words so grab a cup of coffee.. ;)

Why Google AdSense Is So Popular?

Google AdSense is one of the oldest networks to offer ad publishing and works at Pay Per Click system.
When it comes to the legitimacy of Google AdSense, it speaks for itself. Google AdSense have thousands and thousands of satisfied customers and publishers. AdSense pays on time, every time.
One more reason for choosing Google AdSense is that we can earn huge amounts of money if we do our work in right way. There are many bloggers who are making a complete living from their blogs and Google AdSense.
Therefore, Google AdSense should be the number one choice among all the other available networks.
It’s paying rates are better than all of other networks so that’s the biggest reason it is so popular among bloggers.
But since everybody is running behind them, they have made the approval system very strict. You make little mistakes and get disapproved every time. Here are few reasons why Google will reject your AdSense application.

Common AdSense Rejection Reasons

Here are the most common rejection reasons and Google AdSense requirements that you should keep in mind before we get into details.

1. Insufficient content / Unacceptable site content

Your website doesn’t have enough text on for Google specialists to review.
Google gives a lot of value and attention to the content of the blog before accepting it. If the content is poorly written and has grammatical mistakes Google will reject the blog right away.
Not only the content needs to be grammatically correct, it must be unique and has to provide value to the users and readers of the blog. So the number one reason is the poorly written content on your blog.

2. Page Type / Design of your blog

What will you do if you land a page with full bright yellow background with white text on it, having huge buttons all over the place?
Yes, you’ll never visit that website again .
Blogs which are poorly designed and are hard for the visitors to understand gets rejected by Google AdSense. You must have a good and neat design which comforts the eye and is beautiful in the look.

3. No Privacy Policy, About Us or Contact Us page

There are some pages which you must have before applying to Google AdSense if you want to get accepted.
These are about us, privacy policy and contact us pages. These pages give the impression that you are a professional and that you are working according to the Google policies. Keep in mind that having a privacy page is also one of the requirements for Google AdSense.

4. Site Does Not Comply With Google AdSense Policies

No rich, unique and meaningful content, no organic traffic, pages with little to no original content or bad user experience through clear navigation and organization.
Your website may be the one that drives traffic through illegal sources, sites with excessive keywords or poorly coded design are usually rejected.
So you need a complete guidance and list of things that you need to do before applying for Google AdSense.

Things to Do Before Applying for AdSense

1. Write High-Quality Content:

The #1 thing you need to do before applying for Google AdSenseis to write high-quality content. This is very important thing which you can’t ignore at any cost. I mean it!
Google loves the blog who are providing high-quality content and their visitors are enjoying it. Keep in mind that your application will be reviewed by humans and you have to impress them to get approved by AdSense.
A high-quality content…

is unique and original
with proper headings and bullet lists
free from grammar and spelling mistakes
is long enough
useful and informative

Helpful resources:

2. Create Privacy Page for Your Blog:

One of the common mistakes that most new bloggers. Even though there are people out there who say that having a privacy policy for a blog doesn’t make sense but they are wrong!
The first thing you will need to apply for Google AdSense and get approval is the privacy policy of your blog or website. If you don’t have it you cannot get approval simple is that.
Why is it important?
It’s requirement of AdSense and secondly, this privacy policy means you are not a scam and gives the sense of a serious business. Google will check the rest of the conditions only if you have this policy.
A privacy actually describes to your readers about what they will get on your blog , what they should do and what they should not. So obviously there is nothing bad in having a privacy policy. While it can affect somehow on your AdSense approval, you must give it a try.
You can write it yourself or find Privacy Policy Generators online (You don’t need a lawyer anyway).
Helpful guide:

Create a Simple Privacy Policy for Your Blog (Example Included)

3. Create About Page:

Like privacy policy, you must have an about page so that you can get approved. This also shows that there is a real person behind the blog.
An About page has a major role and importance even if you don’t want to apply for AdSense. But when it comes to AdSense, they are about zero chances of getting approved if you are not showing this page.
About page simply describe you and your blog . This will not only help you establish a relationship with readers but it will also make them trust you.

4. Setup A Contact Us Page:

It’s quite obvious that everyone has his/her own opinion.
What one of your readers likes may be bothering someone else. Then it is better to give them an opportunity to speak up to you and tell how they feel about your blog, what they want to be edited , what they liked or hated.
Create a contact page, if possible add your email that you are going to apply for Google AdSense. If possible do get some professional email address like ammar@allbloggingtips.com and your social profile links too.
By creating this you are telling Google that we care for our customers, visitors and we are ready to help them. They can contact us anytime.
It will also show the Google AdSense Team that is viewing your site that you actually care about your readers and not only the money and AdSense.
Check out my contact page to get some idea.
One important step: Google AdSense mention in their rejection email that your website should have a clear navigation menu to help your readers find your pages and access the content before you think about applying again for AdSense.
So, what you’ve to do is to work on your menu by adding all important categories and pages i.e about us, contact us and privacy policy to help your readers easily find the content that they are looking for. The more you care about improving your visitors experience the higher chances will be to get approved by AdSense.
Here’s an example to illustrate this point.

5. Verify Your Name and Email:

When you apply don’t forget to put your name and email address in some easily visible area like about and contact pages. It will confirm to Google AdSense team that it is the same person who applied for AdSense and not some spam, crappy bots.
This will speed up the verification process and within no time, you’ll be able to enjoy fully approved AdSense account.

6. Have Some Good Number Of Posts:

What should be the minimum number of posts before applying for Google AdSense? There is no confirmed answer.
Not even one.
Because I have seen very established blogs with 300+ posts and their owner telling me that Google AdSense is rejecting them while somewhere bloggers with few posts or even less than 10 are enjoying making money with AdSense.
Exactly, what I said that there is no actual answer. However, we can always predict things.
According to my experience, the best time to apply for AdSense account is when you have at least 20 good quality posts. Your blog posts length should be at least 600+ words with quality content.
Dillon got his AdSense account approved with just 3 posts, 115 views, and 2 comments. Isn’t that great?
I visited his blog and noticed these things that actually matters to get Adsense approved.

Simple and clean design
Easy to navigate blog
Unique niche
Detail content
No “unwanted” widgets

7. Make Sure You’re 18+

This is the mistake that new bloggers are making who are less than 18. They write incorrect age and get into trouble.
Use your correct date of birth and age while applying for Google AdSense account.
Because Google AdSense is not for people who are under 18. Some people realize this problem after being disproved a few times without any legitimate reason.
So I advise you to be accurate while typing your age.

8. Improve Your Blog Design:

As mentioned earlier, you blog design matters a lot. It should be professional and not like a messy photo gallery. A clean, professional and fast-loading design is appreciated by Google.
When you visit a website what’s the first thing you look for? It’s blog design.
You’ve to build a good first impression on your blog readers to engage them.
Your blog design is the biggest thing after content. This represents your expertise, experience, and professionalism. It should have following features:

Simple and professional
Easy to navigate
Proper menus
No useless items in sidebar or footer
Search engine friendly
Fast loading

So be careful because anything can kill your chances of getting approved by AdSense.
There are thousands of websites who provide free professional looking themes for your blog. All you need to do is to search for them.
If you’re on WordPress self-hosted blog then I recommend getting a premium theme from MyThemeShop.
And if you are still using blogspot then there are many great websites where you can find free professional looking blogger templates for your blog.
Check out my post on the reasons to invest more money on your blog.

9. Check Your Content Type:

Be careful with what type of content you are publishing. Because it is something that truly matters.
Here are some common content types that are not accepted by AdSense.

Pornography/Adult materials
Pirated Content
Hacking or Cracking Tutorials
Illegal Drugs/Paraphernalia
Any Other Illegal Stuff
There are few languages that are supported by AdSense so make sure your blog language is in the list of these.

10. Use Top Level Domain:

Google has made changes to their policies. If you have a blog with blogspot and the domain is yourblog.blogspot.com then chances are you will get approved quickly.
But you will not be able to use that on any other domain like .com. You’ll have to submit the request to upgrade your AdSense account.
As for today, you must have your own unique domain that specifies your blog. If you don’t have one yet, stop dreaming about getting approved with sub domains and go buy a Top Level Domain. It will cost anywhere from $10-$15/year. You can buy the domain from Godaddy or Namecheap.
The best domain is the one with .com extension. Choose a short, unique and easy to remember domain that is related to your blog niche.
Another important thing about the domain is its age. Because for some of the Asian countries like India, AdSense has placed domain age restriction. They don’t accept any sites which are less than 6 months old.
There are many AdSense stories that I read on many forums that some people got approved for few weeks old blog and other got rejected for the blog that is even more than 6 months old. So age doesn’t really matter when you have a high-quality blog that’s focus more on helping your visitors.
If you’ve a website that is less than 6 months old then you can still consider applying for AdSense.
Shibam got accepted by Google AdSense with 28 posts and a 6 months old blog. He managed his blog from mobile only.
shibam adsense approved

11. Remove Other Ad Networks:

If you have any other ads placed like Chitika, Infolinks, Clicksor or anything, it’s time to drop them off.
Make your blog free from ads.
Even Google AdSense allows you to use other ad networks along with them, it’s better to remove the ads before applying and don’t put them back until you get a reply from AdSense team which usually takes anywhere from few days to weeks.
So, before submitting your application for Google AdSense make sure to remove all the ads on your blog from any other network.

12. Check Your Traffic Sources:

Google hates the sites that are getting paid traffic and mostly penalizes them so there is not a damn chance of getting approved by AdSense for a site that is getting paid traffic. You can bring traffic from search engines or any other way you want but if you want to earn via Google AdSense the right way, paid traffic is not a solution.
Also, note,that Google does not accept site which gets traffic from illegal sources. So focus on getting traffic from legal sources like social media, search engines, and related blogs.

source :-- allbloggingtips.com/

What is open source?

The term "open source" refers to something people can modify and share because its design is publicly accessible.

The term originated in the context of software development to designate a specific approach to creating computer programs. Today, however, "open source" designates a broader set of values—what we call "the open source way." Open source projects, products, or initiatives embrace and celebrate principles of open exchange, collaborative participation, rapid prototyping, transparency, meritocracy, and community-oriented development.

What is open source software?

Open source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance.

"Source code" is the part of software that most computer users don't ever see; it's the code computer programmers can manipulate to change how a piece of software—a "program" or "application"—works. Programmers who have access to a computer program's source code can improve that program by adding features to it or fixing parts that don't always work correctly.

What's the difference between open source software and other types of software?

Some software has source code that only the person, team, or organization who created it—and maintains exclusive control over it—can modify. People call this kind of software "proprietary" or "closed source" software.

Only the original authors of proprietary software can legally copy, inspect, and alter that software. And in order to use proprietary software, computer users must agree (usually by signing a license displayed the first time they run this software) that they will not do anything with the software that the software's authors have not expressly permitted. Microsoft Office and Adobe Photoshop are examples of proprietary software.

Open source software is different. Its authors make its source code available to others who would like to view that code, copy it, learn from it, alter it, or share it. LibreOffice and the GNU Image Manipulation Program are examples of open source software.

As they do with proprietary software, users must accept the terms of a license when they use open source software—but the legal terms of open source licenses differ dramatically from those of proprietary licenses.

Open source licenses affect the way people can use, study, modify, and distribute software. In general, open source licenses grant computer users permission to use open source software for any purpose they wish. Some open source licenses—what some people call "copyleft" licenses—stipulate that anyone who releases a modified open source program must also release the source code for that program alongside it. Moreover, some open source licenses stipulate that anyone who alters and shares a program with others must also share that program's source code without charging a licensing fee for it.

By design, open source software licenses promote collaboration and sharing because they permit other people to make modifications to source code and incorporate those changes into their own projects. They encourage computer programmers to access, view, and modify open source software whenever they like, as long as they let others do the same when they share their work.

Is open source software only important to computer programmers?

No. Open source technology and open source thinking both benefit programmers and non-programmers.

Because early inventors built much of the Internet itself on open source technologies—like the Linux operating system and the Apache Web server application—anyone using the Internet today benefits from open source software.

Every time computer users view web pages, check email, chat with friends, stream music online, or play multiplayer video games, their computers, mobile phones, or gaming consoles connect to a global network of computers using open source software to route and transmit their data to the "local" devices they have in front of them. The computers that do all this important work are typically located in faraway places that users don't actually see or can't physically access—which is why some people call these computers "remote computers."

More and more, people rely on remote computers when performing tasks they might otherwise perform on their local devices. For example, they may use online word processing, email management, and image editing software that they don't install and run on their personal computers. Instead, they simply access these programs on remote computers by using a Web browser or mobile phone application. When they do this, they're engaged in "remote computing."

Some people call remote computing "cloud computing," because it involves activities (like storing files, sharing photos, or watching videos) that incorporate not only local devices but also a global network of remote computers that form an "atmosphere" around them.

Cloud computing is an increasingly important aspect of everyday life with Internet-connected devices. Some cloud computing applications, like Google Apps, are proprietary. Others, like ownCloud and Nextcloud, are open source.

Cloud computing applications run "on top" of additional software that helps them operate smoothly and efficiently, so people will often say that software running "underneath" cloud computing applications acts as a "platform" for those applications. Cloud computing platforms can be open source or closed source. OpenStack is an example of an open source cloud computing platform.

Why do people prefer using open source software?

People prefer open source software to proprietary software for a number of reasons, including:

Control. Many people prefer open source software because they have more control over that kind of software. They can examine the code to make sure it's not doing anything they don't want it to do, and they can change parts of it they don't like. Users who aren't programmers also benefit from open source software, because they can use this software for any purpose they wish—not merely the way someone else thinks they should.

Training. Other people like open source software because it helps them become better programmers. Because open source code is publicly accessible, students can easily study it as they learn to make better software. Students can also share their work with others, inviting comment and critique, as they develop their skills. When people discover mistakes in programs' source code, they can share those mistakes with others to help them avoid making those same mistakes themselves.

Security. Some people prefer open source software because they consider it more secure and stable than proprietary software. Because anyone can view and modify open source software, someone might spot and correct errors or omissions that a program's original authors might have missed. And because so many programmers can work on a piece of open source software without asking for permission from original authors, they can fix, update, and upgrade open source software more quickly than they can proprietary software.

Stability. Many users prefer open source software to proprietary software for important, long-term projects. Because programmers publicly distribute the source code for open source software, users relying on that software for critical tasks can be sure their tools won't disappear or fall into disrepair if their original creators stop working on them. Additionally, open source software tends to both incorporate and operate according to open standards.

Doesn't "open source" just mean something is free of charge?

No. This is a common misconception about what "open source" implies, and the concept's implications are not only economic.

Open source software programmers can charge money for the open source software they create or to which they contribute. But in some cases, because an open source license might require them to release their source code when they sell software to others, some programmers find that charging users money for software services and support (rather than for the software itself) is more lucrative. This way, their software remains free of charge, and they make money helping others install, use, and troubleshoot it.

While some open source software may be free of charge, skill in programming and troubleshooting open source software can be quite valuable. Many employers specifically seek to hire programmers with experience working on open source software.

What is open source "beyond software"?

At Opensource.com, we like to say that we're interested in the ways open source values and principles apply to the world beyond software. We like to think of open source as not only a way to develop and license computer software, but also an attitude.

Approaching all aspects of life "the open source way" means expressing a willingness to share, collaborating with others in ways that are transparent (so that others can watch and join too), embracing failure as a means of improving, and expecting—even encouraging—everyone else to do the same.

It also means committing to playing an active role in improving the world, which is possible only when everyone has access to the way that world is designed.

The world is full of "source code"—blueprints, recipes, rules—that guide and shape the way we think and act in it. We believe this underlying code (whatever its form) should be open, accessible, and shared—so many people can have a hand in altering it for the better.

Here, we tell stories about the impact of open source values on all areas of life—science, education, government, manufacturing, health, law, and organizational dynamics. We're a community committed to telling others how the open source way is the best way, because a love of open source is just like anything else: it's better when it's shared.

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